Free Essays on Mysterious Rage

Puzzling Rage Obscure â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a story composed by Edgar Allan Poe. He expounds on a man who goes distraught by being upset by the old man’s eye. The man is made crazy over the eye and prompts the homicide of the elderly person without hesitating. The man’s own still, small voice consumes him until he at long last admits to this awful dead. The focal thought in Poe’s story is from a mental perspective that shows the littlest highlights on one individual can make somebody insane. It additionally shows how crazy people think as though rational however can't live with the feeling of remorse without communicating their demonstration of viciousness to somebody before it causes them to envision things that are not even there. The hero in the story is the man who deals with or lives with the elderly person. The man believes himself to be more intelligent than the ordinary crazy person. We see this trademark when he addresses himself with â€Å"would a crazy person have been so astute as this?† alluding to the simplicity at which he goes into the old man’s room (1572). The man is a powerful character that thinks he is fine in the start of the story yet by the end just can’t handle this feeling of remorse and self-destructs. The trademark is appeared with the remark â€Å"I concede the deed! - destroy the boards! - here, here!† (1575). This story is composed sequentially. The structure fits the occasions in the story impeccably. The essential clash is interior. The eye disturbs the man, and he depicts it as â€Å"that of a vulture† (1572). The man adapts to his contention by settling on the decision to â€Å"take the life of the elderly person, and hence freed myself of the eye forever† (1572). On the eighth day, with the eye open, the man goes into the old man’s stay with a boisterous holler and ends his life. This goals to the man’s struggle uncovers how one character is another man’s defeat. Poe’s story happens in a house with wooden floors and pivoted entryways... Free Essays on Mysterious Rage Free Essays on Mysterious Rage Baffling Rage Obscure â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a story composed by Edgar Allan Poe. He expounds on a man who goes frantic by being upset by the old man’s eye. The man is made crazy over the eye and prompts the homicide of the elderly person without blinking. The man’s own still, small voice consumes him until he at long last admits to this horrendous dead. The focal thought in Poe’s story is from a mental perspective that outlines the littlest highlights on one person can make somebody insane. It likewise shows how crazy people think as though rational however can't live with the feeling of remorse without communicating their demonstration of viciousness to somebody before it causes them to envision things that are not even there. The hero in the story is the man who deals with or lives with the elderly person. The man believes himself to be more astute than the ordinary psycho. We see this trademark when he addresses himself with â€Å"would a lunatic have been so insightful as this?† alluding to the simplicity at which he goes into the old man’s room (1572). The man is a unique character that thinks he is fine in the start of the story yet by the end just can’t handle this feeling of remorse and self-destructs. The trademark is appeared with the remark â€Å"I concede the deed! - destroy the boards! - here, here!† (1575). This story is composed sequentially. The structure fits the occasions in the story impeccably. The essential clash is inward. The eye disturbs the man, and he portrays it as â€Å"that of a vulture† (1572). The man adapts to his contention by settling on the decision to â€Å"take the life of the elderly person, and in this manner free myself of the eye forever† (1572). On the eighth day, with the eye open, the man goes into the old man’s live with a noisy holler and ends his life. This goals to the man’s strife uncovers how one character is another man’s defeat. Poe’s story happens in a house with wooden floors and pivoted entryways...

TOK Extended Essay - Organizing Your Sample

TOK Extended Essay - Organizing Your SampleIf you are trying to write a good TOK extended essay sample, then you should be familiar with TOK extended essay sample writing. You should not only know how to use the templates provided by TOK but also understand the concepts of organization. You should make sure that your TOK Extended Essay sample is organized well and has interesting content.In most cases, a TOK Extended Essay template will be extremely helpful and this can also prove to be beneficial in making your TOK Extended Essay sample unique. If you are not able to come up with your own templates for your TOK Extended Essay sample, then you can always search for other web sites which have been used by many people before you. These web sites may offer some helpful tips in organizing your TOK Extended Essay sample.For instance, you can find many blog posts that help in organizing a TOK Extended Essay sample. There are tips on how to organize and read through the essay. The best thin g about using blog posts is that you can easily find information on how to organize a TOK Extended Essay sample. It also saves you from losing your essay due to excessive hyperlinks.We all know that TOK Extended Essay samples need to be organized in a manner that it will be easier for students to finish. You can utilize the blog posts to help you organize your essay. The TOK Extended Essay samples can be organized and structured in many ways to make them easy to read.Essays are usually organized in topics and subjects, topics in sentences in paragraphs. When it comes to structure, it is important to emphasize on each of these parts. The structure must be clear and organized to make your essay readable. After all, when it comes to organizing essays, it is always important to make sure that the words do not get mixed up.There are a lot of guides that can help you organize your TOK Extended Essay samples. The guides will tell you how to read through the essay, how to organize it and ho w to use hyperlinks correctly.A guide can also show you how to use some of the tools available online for organizing and reading through your essay samples. The tool that is highly recommended is the Computerized Markup Language. This is a tool which makes the process of organizing your essays much easier.To conclude, TOK Extended Essay samples are definitely one of the ways in which you can organize your essays. These are not only helpful in organization, but they also help in making your essay's easier to read.

The Right Telugu Essay Writing Topics Will Enhance Your Writing

The Right Telugu Essay Writing Topics Will Enhance Your WritingIf you are an aspiring student of the language and are looking to hone your literary skills in Telugu, then learning how to write Telugu essay will be essential. In this way, you can study the Telugu language as it is used to make sense of diverse situations. The many forms of writing style to adapt for a concise and meaningful poem or essay are needed to be understood and practiced. For this, you need the right Telugu essay writing topic.Telugu essay topics can range from any form of subject which can be used to make an essay with a message, and the meaning can be any idea you want. The need for it is highly necessary, since it can help you in creating a thought provoking essay. Whether the essay is on a philosophical thought or a socially helpful viewpoint, it can use any topics in Telugu.Essay writing can include subjects like history, fiction, poems, essays, speeches, memoirs, reviews, ideas, etc. The writing process can have many styles in Telugu which can include rules, queries, one liners, complicated phrases, etc. In other words, your essay can be rich and diverse to express your message in the most effective way.The different types of subjects you can use are poetry, short stories, interviews, essays, dissertations, reviews, fiction, drama, journalism, dialogues, etc. With the variety of subject matter, you can be sure to get a number of topic ideas. Thus, there is no specific order to choose any kind of topic.Some of the popular topics you can use for writing Telugu essay topics are religions, politics, history, philosophy, music, business, arts, business, travel, romance, travel, documentaries, movies, etc. The idea behind using these topics is that they give a sense of place and time to the reader. These topics may be easy to understand by the reader and the writer can use these as tools to enhance the content of the essay.The best way to learn is to take the help of an essay writing gui de and practice it. There are free sample essays you can practice on but it is important to pay attention to the style. When practicing on sample essays, you must be patient enough to translate the words and paragraphs into your own style. After doing so, you can be sure to write a quality essay.This is a wonderful thing, since you can be sure to hone your own skill and talents. The writer will have more confidence to show the quality of the writing and to market it to a wider audience. The more the number of people who know the quality of the essay, the more you will stand out among your peers.Today's essay writing has the potential to hold your readers attention because of its rich and diverse formats. It can be based on literature, politics, and the cultural form as well. With all these benefits, you can be sure to make a good name for yourself in the writing world.

Essay about Media Stereotyping of Men and Women - 770 Words

After watching television and flipping though ads and articles in several magazines, the stereotyping of men and women is so apparent but at the same time society is so blind to it. In society parents teach their children gender roles at a very early age. Gender roles refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex learned through the socialization process. Males are traditionally expected to show aggressiveness and toughness, and females are expected to be passive and nurturing. For example, little girls play with baby dolls and play house and little boys play with toy guns and play cops and robbers. Mass media are powerful factors that influence societys beliefs,†¦show more content†¦Men are in most of the commercials about financial matters – Business matters, debt consolidating, mortgages and car commercials. Major purchases, business relations and financial problems are to be handled by men. Why are women so underrepresented in industry and business? Clearly it is because of the double standard that society holds women to. Females are forced to adopt the masculine administration practices of proficiency and boldness. However, women who do this have been rated as less proficient and sufficient. Studies have demonstrated that women who exhibit these qualities are discriminated against. These negative reactions are more specifically those of males because they feel intimidated by it. The effect of this extra stress is so extreme that women are held out of nearly all corporate management positions (Fox). So, a woman must change her personality to one more feminine and submissive in order to become more profitable and desirable in the corporate job market. This is a result of the distinctions between genders created by society. Another example of gender stereotyping is sports coverage. Woman who participate in sports, especially sports that are considered inappropriate for women, are often portrayed in a negative way. Women athletes are almost invisible and never covered on television. While male athletes have article after article,Show MoreRelated Media Stereotyping of Men and Women Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout society, men and women have been expected to live by guidelines consisting of media generated ideas and ways of living out life. Both men and women’s thinking process are being altered the negative effects of society’s mass media. For both sexes, this repeating negative exposure causes a constant downfall in self-image and creates media influenced decisions that lead to unhealthy lifestyles. The media effects the thinking process of both men and women in negative ways therefore media needs to beRead MoreGender Labeling And Gender Stereotypes1551 Words   |  7 Pagessocie ty to view them also. Stereotyping is prevalent in popular television shows, music videos, the workforce and various other advertisement billboards in the U.S. It is difficult to oppose the stereotypical behavior that is displayed in the media that supposedly mirrors the actual behaviors of the different genders due to the overflowing, constant reminder of what each gender looks like and how each should act. The article entitled, â€Å"Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender† is aboutRead MoreNegative Influence on Women in the Media Melanic R. Salomes Article853 Words   |  3 Pagesby Melanic R. Salome , is about the women’s misrepresentation of in media . Salome considers media as an important tool that affects American women in a negative way. Media has become of paramount interest in our lives, despite the fact that its negative influences on us are increasing at a rapid pace. Media promotes unrealistic and unattainable images that result in depression and dissatisfaction among people. Therefore, media reflects the image of society and the way people think about themselvesRead MoreMedia Stereotypes’ Effect on Women in the Workplace Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed by the media. A stereotype is an oversimplified conception that you put on someone because of the way they look, what gender they are, or countless other categories that we put people in. Many people fail to realize how the media influences the way they think about people of a different nationality, race, religion, or gender. This widespread belief in stereotypes has adversely affected women in the workplace. Ann Hopkins is a prime example of the negative impact stereotyping has had in theRead MoreWomen s Media And Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pages Women have been attacked in society through the media. Mass media are a reflection of society informed by particular power and values (Stirinati, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s inRead MoreComparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on By Essays1640 Words   |  7 Pagestime; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a better understanding of exactly what he’s talking about. Staples, on the other hand, uses a more authoritative tone to support his theme of racial stereotyping; he also uses the mode of rhetoric exemplification to his benefit, and is able to show the audience that this issue is just as important as the gender stereotypes that take place in our society still today. Barry believes that despite the factRead MoreStereotyping Is Inevitable, By James Baldwin1717 Words   |  7 PagesStereotyping is inevitable, we all do it ad we all experience it, but this does not mean it does not effect us. Stereotypes are all around us. They effect the way we think about ourselves and the way we think about the people around us. Stereotyping leads us to act certain ways and treat people certain ways. At times it can be beneficial to a certain group, but may bring many disadvantages to others. Many times stereotypes limit us and restricting our success in life. In â€Å"A Letter to My Nephew,†Read MoreGender Stereotyping Standards For Men And Women Across America909 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping sets standards for men and women across America, this being true for the past few hundred years. It is not secret that women are said to be most useful in the kitchen, and that men are to be found somewhere doing hard work, being the bread winner. Also, in the way we allow our young children to be identified; blue means it’s a boy, pink means it’s a girl. As times change, so does society and its mentality as a whole. Some stereotypes have been more difficult to break than othersRead MoreThe Topic Of Representation And Stereotypes 983 Words   |  4 Pages‘Representation and stereotypes’. Using a media example I will be exploring the concept of why stereotypes are used so commonly and do they really matter. Through my research, I hope to provide substantial evidence, which backup my points throughout and give the reader a clear understanding of how stereotypes are used in my chosen piece of media text. Stereotypes have always been around it’s not a new concept people are only discovering recently. Stereotyping is people’s thoughts on others not likeRead MoreHow Would You Like It If You Were Continuously Told What1472 Words   |  6 Pageswould you like it if you were earning 20% less than men for the exact same job? Good morning Ms Lewis and students, today I’ll be talking to you about how there are numerous causes for the countless components that are accountable for the upsurge of gender stereotyping in today’s society. Some of these issues are things like advertising based around kids and adults and the pay gap between genders. These two influences that generate gender stereotyping which in this case is absurd. In fact, its highly

The Butler Represented By The American Of An African...

The movie The Butler represented many of the significant events that occurred from 1936-present in American history. During this time, there were many political, economic and social changes that our country endured. Not only did the film give examples of these accounts, it told the story from the view points of the people that encountered them. Although the film portrayed the many events that aided in shaping the country, it did fail to include some imperative movements including WWII, the cold war and the radical Left and Right movement. The Butler shows the life of an African American man, Cecil Gaines, as he starts his life as a slave and ends up becoming a butler for the White House. When young he was taught how to serve white people and used those skills to find decent work. Cecil had a wife, Gloria Gaines, and two sons, Louis and Charlie Gaines that were with him after he became a butler in a Washington Hotel. Throughout the film Cecil and his family encounter many of the changes that the U.S. faced after the 1930’s Thru The Butler the reoccurring theme was the civil rights movement; where may African Americans called for social and economic equality by arranging may different forms of protesting. In the film the Gaines family were African Americans living during one of the most influential and changing times in American history. The Gaines son, Louis Gaines, represented the portion of the black population that demonstrated and protested to get equal rights mostlyShow MoreRelatedThe African-American Image in Films1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe African-American Image in Films Films serve many functions like education, entertainment, handbooks of social behavior, and a transmitter of cultural and social values. The most effective way in which stereotypes are perpetuated in America is through the mediums of film and television. American films mostly played an influential part in fixing images of ethnic groups in the minds of audience. The negative representation of films or movies sometimes reinforces false assumptions (as poor, dangerousRead MoreThe Past Is Not Dead Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pageschannels the mean of William Faulkner s claim that the past is not dead; it s not even past.† To me this quote basically means that the past cannot become the past because events keep repeating throughout history. This quote is shown to us through Butler drawing upon the history of transatlantic slavery to illustrate certain ideas and behaviors that are seen throughout time. These ideas and behaviors are specifically seen through the main character Dana. O ver the course of the novel Dana experiencesRead MoreThe Fanonian Conception of Race Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagescomponent for theories that aim for critical consciousness and human emancipation. Race is socially constructed and culturally imposed. The racism and Fanonian’s conceptions connects to the story of Beloved by Toni Morrison, Kindred by Octavia E. Butler, and in many articles. In the novel, Beloved, the theme of trying to claim freedom, the former slaves have been a victim throughout their whole lives, and didn’t have anybody to rely on. The slaves were brought down physically, emotionally, spirituallyRead Moreviolence in kindred1237 Words   |  5 Pages society gave them every right to abuse African Americans and make them into slaves, effectively stripping them of all human rights and making violence towards blacks socially acceptable. Unfortunately, not only was it socially acceptable to abuse your slaves, but a slavemaster would be looked down upon if he did not. In Kindred, Tom Weylin shows his authority through regular whippings of slaves. When a field hand responded rudely, â€Å"Weylin ordered the man stripped naked and tied to the trunk of aRead MoreMetaphors In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man1235 Words   |  5 PagesMetaphors in Invisible Man Ellison uses many examples of metaphors in his novel to convey invisibility, especially with references to music, imagery, and the use of a nameless character. With literature that challenged the accepted ideals surrounding that time period, Ellison expresses his thoughts by comparing an invisible man to various relatable subjects in life. When the narrator firsts starts on his journey and gets constantly bumped, he states that â€Å"You constantly wonder whether you aren’tRead MoreKindred, By Octavia Butler Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel Kindred, by Octavia Butler, the main character Dana is exposed to the brutality and exhausting existence inflicted on slaves in the 1800’s. Through intentionally suppressive measures, slave owners used a series of methods to control and manipulate an entire race of people into submission. Dana describes this process as dulling and her experiences haunt her as she is slowly broken down. â€Å"See how easily slave are made?† (Butler 177) her thoughts say; this is Butler attempting to illustrate howRead MoreLee Daniels The Butler3535 Words   |  15 PagesLee Daniels’ ‘The Butler’ is a biographical drama depicting the story of Cecil Gaines, a man who escaped a life of slavery and oppression to serve for eight presidents as a butler in the White House. The film focuses on African American historical events, with special concentration on the civil rights era. With the White House segments of the film starting in the oppressive Eisenhower years, it offers a presidential level insight into the historic freedom movements of the 1960’s, all the way throughRead MoreNature On Gender Roles : Bloodchild And Its Satirical965 Words   |  4 Pageswritten first published in 1984. It was written by Octavia butler, an African American woman born in 1947. In her time of life she faced many issues that she reflects on in her writing, like racism, and misogyny. This story is a societal satire about a young boy who struggles to understand his role in life while coming of age. Bloodchild is a story that subtly outlines gender roles, possibly those of her time, these roles are represented by the aliens and the human race. The gender roles in BloodchildRead MoreFilm Analysis : Moonlight914 Words   |  4 PagesThe film Moonlight is comprised of an all African American cast and follows the tale of Chiron, a young boy growing up in Miami. He is raised by his low income single mother who is addicted to cocaine. As the film travels through the different periods of Chiron’s life, we see him struggle with his sexuality which is a journey of great difficulty. I argue Moonlight emphasizes the oppression of queer individuals caused by homonationalist representations and highlights gender binary constructs infiltratingRead MoreThe Death Before Disunity : Malcolm X, Civil Rights Activist And Muslim Leader1173 Words   |  5 PagesDisunity Malcolm X, Civil Rights activist and Muslim leader, was an advocate of unity by all means necessary. Throughout history, people have often pondered what X intended to obtain before his tragic death at the hands of Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson (â€Å"Biography†). Several people downplay X’s achievements in comparison to the accomplishments of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Majority of activists such as Mohandas Gandhi, Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chavez are notorious for their

Questions On Epidemiology And Biostatistics - 846 Words

EDUCATION: Temple University Philadelphia, PA US Master’s Degree – 12/2014 45 Semester hours Major: Public health Concentration: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Relevant Coursework: Fundamental of Public Health, Complex Emergencies and forced migration, Epidemiological Research Methods I II, Multivariate Biostatistics, Data management and Analysis, Political Aspect of Public Health GPA: 3.5 out of 4.0 Temple University Philadelphia, PA US Bachelor’s Degree – 12/2012 75 Semester hours Major: Public Health Relevant Coursework: Community Health Administration of Health Education Programs, Health Service Systems, Disease Prevention and Control, Research Methods, Health Psychology and Human Behavior, Epidemiology, Ethnicity Culture Health, Environmental Health GPA: 3.7 out 4.0 Community College of PhiladelphiaShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemiological Concepts Of Health2310 Words   |  10 Pagesincome of the community which tells the ability of the community in question to purchase health services. The measurement of health makes all nurse to have plan for the community services, without measurement of health one will not be able to provide health services to community in need. (MOHSW.1990). 1.4.5 Epidemiological Concepts The epidemiological concept is the logic of observation and the methods to quantify these observations in populations (group) of individuals. It includes for measuringRead MoreAn International Student Of Public Health Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTrying to Fulfil a Dream As an international student, public health is not a major you hear about regularly. As a Middle-Eastern, everyone is expected to pursue a degree in Medicine, Engineering or Pharmacy. I recall the most common question I got asked when I mentioned I was majoring in public health was, â€Å"...so, you are going to be a nurse?† The idea was introduced to me by my mother some years back, who is a physician, who thought it would suit my lifetime general goals. As a child I rememberRead MoreImmigration Status Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesManoj Banjara, Ph.D. Cleveland, OH 44120 (806) 316-1813; banjarm@hotmail.com Immigration Status: Permanent Resident Summary â™ £ 6+ years of experience in biostatistics with a demonstrated history of working in hospitals, pharmaceutical, CRO, and healthcare industries as a biostatistical SAS programmer. â™ £ Involved in drug development process with exposure in analyzing and reporting pre-clinical/clinical trial data. â™ £ Good understanding of FDA submission (IND, NDA), clinical protocols, CRFs, CDISCRead MoreMy Career Between Medicine And Mathematics774 Words   |  4 PagesReading the blog, I realized the opportunity to rejuvenate my childhood love for mathematics while pursuing a career in medicine. To make this marriage between medicine and mathematics possible, I pursued Masters in Public Health with a major in Biostatistics at Drexel University. At Drexel, I was specifically interested in outcomes research. I participated in several projects in which we studied â€Å"real-world† outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing percutaneous interventions usingRead MoreQuantitative Research Critical Appraisal Analysis1800 Words   |  8 Pages, 2014). There is no theory or model identified in the study. The framework does describe the concepts of interest, the article focused specifically on three non-pharmacological interventions to prevent VAP. Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses According to Research questions, hypotheses and objectives, Study objectives define the specific aims of the study and should be clearly stated in the introduction of the research protocol. The objective of this article is clearly and concisely stated.Read MoreA Basic Understanding Of Epidemiology And Epidemiologic Investigations1800 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The purpose of this research paper it to deliver a basic understanding of epidemiology and epidemiologic investigations. One essential service of public health is the ability to diagnose and investigate identified health hazards in their communities. Epidemiology is an area of study used to identify those health hazards. Founded by John Snow in 1854, the term epidemiology is defined as the study of distribution and determinants of health, disease, or injury among human populations. EpidemiologicRead MoreA Career in Public Health Essay examples1247 Words   |  5 PagesElementary level even up to the College Health Professor level. There are areas that specialize in Disaster Preparedness Coordination, Health Services Administration and Community Health Sciences and numerous scientific arenas including, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Health Education/Behavioral Science, and Environmental Health. On a global level there is International Health which includes Public Health Practice and Program Management in foreign countries many of which are underdeveloped areas. AndRead MoreNursing Research Critique Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Ana H. Corona Western University of Health Sciences CGN 5306: Biostatistics and Epidemiology August 1, 2009 Research Critique of â€Å"Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women† Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentaryRead MorePractice Questions 2 [Chapter 9-18] Book: Epidemiology [Leon Gordis]2157 Words   |  9 PagesNUR 527: Fundamentals of Epidemiology and Biostatistics for Nursing Practice Questions 2 [Chapter 9-18] Book: Epidemiology [Leon Gordis] Due June 24, 2013 Answer only the questions specified and justify your answers. Each question is â€Å"one point†. Total points=20 (10% of the course grade) Chapter 9: questions 1, 2, 5 1. In cohort studies of the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease, it is essential that: a. There be equal numbers of persons in both studyRead MoreThe Surfacing Field Of Posttraumatic Growth1748 Words   |  7 Pages There has been an ongoing question if mental illness connects to creativity. The notion that mental illness and creativity are linked is very noticeable to the public eye. Many creators had harsh life experiences such as loss of a relative, physical disability or social rejection. When dealing with a mental illness one’s mind travels to other thoughts; this is how creative processes form in their mind. They see the world differently than others and create their visions or thoughts onto paper or

Process Design free essay sample

Design Improvement Product/service design Planning and control Nature and purpose of the design activity Products, services and the processes which produce them all have to be designed Decisions taken during the design of a product or service will have an impact on the decisions taken during the design of the process which produces those products or services, and vice versa Design of products / services and design of processes are interrelated and should be treated together Designing the product or service Designing the process Products and services should be designed in such a way that they can be created effectively Product / service design has an impact on the process design and vice versa Processes should be designed so they can create all products and services which the operation is likely to introduce Design of the Product Design of the Process In manufacturing operations overlapping the activities of product and process design is beneficial In most service operations the overlap between service and process design is implicit in the nature of service Process mapping symbols derived from Scientific Management Operation (an activity that directly adds value) Inspection (a check of some sort) Transport (a movement of something) Delay (a wait, e. g. for materials) Process mapping symbols derived from Systems Analysis Beginning or end of the process Activity Input or output from the process Direction of flow Storage (deliberate storage, as opposed to a delay) Decision (exercising discretion) Manufacturing process types Process tasks Diverse/ complex Process flow High Intermittent Project Jobbing Variety Batch Mass Continuous Low Volume High Repeated/ divided Continuous Low Specially made, every one customized Defined start and finish: time, quality and cost objectives Many different skills have to be coordinated A project process with a small part of the process map that would describe the whole process Jobbing processes Very small quantities: one-offs, or only a few required Specially made: high variety, low repetition, strangers, every one customized Skill requirements are usually very broad Skilled Jobber, or team, completes whole roduct Batch processes Higher volumes and lower variety than for Jobbing Standard products, repeating demand. But can make specials Specialized, narrower skills Set-ups (changeovers) at each stage of production Mass (line) processes Higher volumes than batch Standard, repeat products (runners) Low and/or narrow skills No set-ups, or almost instantaneous ones A mass process a packing process Continuous processes Extremely high volumes and low variety: often single product Standard, repeat products (runners) Highly capital-intensive and automated Few hangeovers required Difficult and expensive to start and stop the process A service shop This health club offers some variety within a standard set of facilities and processes A mass service This call centre can handle a very high volume of customer enquiries because it standardizes its process Source: Royal Bank of Scotland Group Deviating from the natural diagonal on the product-process matrix has consequences for cost and flexibility Manufacturing operations process types Service operations process types None More process flexibility than is needed so high cost Project Jobbing Batch Mass Continuous None Less process flexibility than is needed so high cost Professional service Service shop Mass service The natural line of fit of process to volume/variety characteristics Flow (layout), technology and Job design are all influenced by process positioning Flow Unorganized Technology Little / general Jobs Varied / high discretion Volume Custom furniture maker Machine tool maker Automobile factory Predictable Specialist Routine / low discretion Petrochemical refinery Investment banking Customer service branch Bank call centre Credit card processing Customized sandwich old process Raw materials Assembly Stored sandwiches Move to outlets sell Take payment Standard sandwich process Customer request The operation of making and selling customized sandwiches Prepare Sandwich materials and customers Assemble as required Take payment Customers assembled to sandwiches Bread and base filling Assemble whole sandwich Use standard base? No Yes Outline process of making and selling customized sandwiches Detailed process of assembling customized sandwiches Customized sandwich new process Assemble whole sandwich Assembly of sandwich bases Use standard base? Take ayment Fillings Bread and base filling Stored bases Yes Customer request Assemble from standard base No Littles law (a really quite useful law) Throughput (TH) = Work in process (WIP) x Cycle time (CT) Cycle time = 2 minutes WIP = 10 Throughput time = ? Throughput time = 10 x 2 minutes = 20 minutes time (CT) 500 exam scripts need to be marked in 5 days (working 7 hours a day). It takes 1 hour to mark a script. How many markers are needed? What is designed in a product or service? The understanding of the nature, use and value of the service or product A concept A package The group of component products and services that provide those benefits defined in the concept The way in which the component products and services will be created and delivered A process The product and service design activity is a process in itself Transformed resources, . g. Technical information Market information Time information The product / service design process whose performance is measured by its Quality Speed Dependability Flexibility Cost Fully specified products and Outputs services Inputs Transforming resources, e. g. Test and design equipment Design and technical staff The stages of product / service design Concept generation Concept screening Preliminary design Evaluation and improvement Prototyping and final design Ideas from customers formally through marketing activities Listening to customers n a day-to-day basis Ideas from competitor activity for example reverse engineering Ideas from staff especially those who meet customers every day Ideas from research and development Broad categories of evaluation criteria for assessing concepts Feasibility how difficult is it? What INVESTMENT, both managerial and financial, will be needed? What RETURN, in terms of benefits to the operation, will it give? Overall evaluation of the concept Criteria for screening concepts Acceptability how worthwhile is it? Vulnerability what could go wrong? What RISKS do we run if things go wrong? Design involves progressively reducing the number of possibilities until the final design is reached CONCEPT Choice and evaluation screens Large number of design options Uncertainty regarding the final design TIME One design FINAL DESIGN SPECIFICATON Certainty regarding the final design Design evaluation and improvement.